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A basis for the real numbers R, considered as a vector space over the rationals Q, i.e., a set of real numbers {U_alpha} such that every real number beta has a unique ...

Any vector field v satisfying [del ·v]_infty = 0 (1) [del xv]_infty = 0 (2) may be written as the sum of an irrotational part and a solenoidal part, v=-del phi+del xA, (3) ...

A hom-set of a category C is a set of morphisms of C.

The polynomials in the diagonal of the Smith normal form or rational canonical form of a matrix are called its invariant factors.

A set of vectors is maximally linearly independent if including any other vector in the vector space would make it linearly dependent (i.e., if any other vector in the space ...

The upside-down capital delta symbol del , also called "del," used to denote the gradient and other vector derivatives. The following table summarizes the names and notations ...

A natural transformation Phi={Phi_C:F(C)->D(C)} between functors F,G:C->D of categories C and D is said to be a natural isomorphism if each of the components is an ...

The vector field N_f(z)=-(f(z))/(f^'(z)) arising in the definition of the Newtonian graph of a complex univariate polynomial f (Smale 1985, Shub et al. 1988, Kozen and ...

The normalized vector of X is a vector in the same direction but with norm (length) 1. It is denoted X^^ and given by X^^=(X)/(|X|), where |X| is the norm of X. It is also ...

An orthogonal basis of vectors is a set of vectors {x_j} that satisfy x_jx_k=C_(jk)delta_(jk) and x^mux_nu=C_nu^mudelta_nu^mu, where C_(jk), C_nu^mu are constants (not ...