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An antimagic square is an n×n array of integers from 1 to n^2 such that each row, column, and main diagonal produces a different sum such that these sums form a sequence of ...

A Bessel function Z_n(x) is a function defined by the recurrence relations Z_(n+1)+Z_(n-1)=(2n)/xZ_n (1) and Z_(n+1)-Z_(n-1)=-2(dZ_n)/(dx). (2) The Bessel functions are more ...

A Bessel function of the second kind Y_n(x) (e.g, Gradshteyn and Ryzhik 2000, p. 703, eqn. 6.649.1), sometimes also denoted N_n(x) (e.g, Gradshteyn and Ryzhik 2000, p. 657, ...

It is always possible to "fairly" divide a cake among n people using only vertical cuts. Furthermore, it is possible to cut and divide a cake such that each person believes ...

Cartesian coordinates are rectilinear two- or three-dimensional coordinates (and therefore a special case of curvilinear coordinates) which are also called rectangular ...

Based on methods developer in collaboration with M. Leclert, Catalan (1865) computed the constant K=0.915965594177... (OEIS A006752) now known as Catalans' constant to 9 ...

A caterpillar graph, caterpillar tree, or simply "caterpillar," is a tree in which every graph vertex is on a central stalk or only one graph edge away from the stalk (in ...

A cubic curve invented by Diocles in about 180 BC in connection with his attempt to duplicate the cube by geometrical methods. The name "cissoid" first appears in the work of ...

Also called Macaulay ring, a Cohen Macaulay ring is a Noetherian commutative unit ring R in which any proper ideal I of height n contains a sequence x_1, ..., x_n of elements ...

The nesting of two or more functions to form a single new function is known as composition. The composition of two functions f and g is denoted f degreesg, where f is a ...