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Given a sample of n variates X_1, ..., X_N, reorder them so that Y_1<Y_2<...<Y_N. Then Y_i is called the ith order statistic (Hogg and Craig 1970, p. 146), sometimes also ...

The Pauli matrices, also called the Pauli spin matrices, are complex matrices that arise in Pauli's treatment of spin in quantum mechanics. They are defined by sigma_1 = ...

A linkage with six rods which draws the inverse of a given curve. When a pencil is placed at P, the inverse is drawn at P^' (or vice versa). If a seventh rod (dashed) is ...

Let x:U->R^3 be a regular patch, where U is an open subset of R^2. Then (partiale)/(partialv)-(partialf)/(partialu) = eGamma_(12)^1+f(Gamma_(12)^2-Gamma_(11)^1)-gGamma_(11)^2 ...

In the case of a general surface, the distance between two points measured along the surface is known as a geodesic. For example, the shortest distance between two points on ...

A point process is a probabilistic model for random scatterings of points on some space X often assumed to be a subset of R^d for some d. Oftentimes, point processes describe ...

d_n=p_(n+1)-p_n. (1) The first few values are 1, 2, 2, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 6, 2, 6, 4, 2, 4, 6, 6, ... (OEIS A001223). Rankin has shown that d_n>(clnnlnlnnlnlnlnlnn)/((lnlnlnn)^2) ...

A system of curvilinear coordinates in which two sets of coordinate surfaces are obtained by revolving the curves of the elliptic cylindrical coordinates about the x-axis, ...

The pseudosquare L_p modulo the odd prime p is the least nonsquare positive integer that is congruent to 1 (mod 8) and for which the Legendre symbol (L_p/q)=1 for all odd ...

One of the four divisions of observations which have been grouped into four equal-sized sets based on their statistical rank. The quartile including the top statistically ...