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Modular arithmetic is the arithmetic of congruences, sometimes known informally as "clock arithmetic." In modular arithmetic, numbers "wrap around" upon reaching a given ...

Continuum percolation can be thought of as a continuous, uncountable version of percolation theory-a theory which, in its most studied form, takes place on a discrete, ...

Percolation theory deals with fluid flow (or any other similar process) in random media. If the medium is a set of regular lattice points, then there are two main types of ...

The eight Gell-Mann matrices lambda_i, i=1,...,8, are an example of the set of generators of the Lie algebra associated to the special unitary group SU(3). Explicitly, these ...

A Hasse diagram is a graphical rendering of a partially ordered set displayed via the cover relation of the partially ordered set with an implied upward orientation. A point ...

An AB percolation is a discrete percolation model in which the underlying point lattice graph L has the properties that each of its graph vertices is occupied by an atom ...

The term discrete percolation is used to describe models of percolation theory whose media are discrete sets like sets of regular lattice points (e.g., bond percolation and ...

A stationary point process X is said to drive a model of continuum percolation theory if one of the characterizing axioms of the model hinges on the existence of X. In this ...

A connective in logic known as the "exclusive or," or exclusive disjunction. It yields true if exactly one (but not both) of two conditions is true. The XOR operation does ...

Let P be a finite partially ordered set, then an antichain in P is a set of pairwise incomparable elements. Antichains are also called Sperner systems in older literature ...