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An equation of the form f(x,y,...)=0, where f contains a finite number of independent variables, known functions, and unknown functions which are to be solved for. Many ...

Find a closed plane curve of a given perimeter which encloses the greatest area. The solution is a circle. If the class of curves to be considered is limited to smooth ...

Find the surface enclosing the maximum volume per unit surface area, I=V/S. The solution is a sphere, which has I_(sphere)=(4/3pir^3)/(4pir^2)=1/3r. The fact that a sphere ...

A relation connecting the values of a meromorphic function inside a disk with its boundary values on the circumference and with its zeros and poles (Jensen 1899, Levin 1980). ...

Given a Taylor series f(x)=f(x_0)+(x-x_0)f^'(x_0)+((x-x_0)^2)/(2!)f^('')(x_0)+... +((x-x_0)^n)/(n!)f^((n))(x_0)+R_n, (1) the error R_n after n terms is given by ...

Let F be the set of complex analytic functions f defined on an open region containing the closure of the unit disk D={z:|z|<1} satisfying f(0)=0 and df/dz(0)=1. For each f in ...

A Liouville number is a transcendental number which has very close rational number approximations. An irrational number beta is called a Liouville number if, for each n, ...

The Lorenz asymmetry coefficient is a summary statistic of the Lorenz curve that measures the degree of asymmetry of a Lorenz curve. The Lorenz asymmetry coefficient is ...

The set of L^p-functions (where p>=1) generalizes L2-space. Instead of square integrable, the measurable function f must be p-integrable for f to be in L^p. On a measure ...

Let x=(x_1,x_2,...,x_n) and y=(y_1,y_2,...,y_n) be nonincreasing sequences of real numbers. Then x majorizes y if, for each k=1, 2, ..., n, sum_(i=1)^kx_i>=sum_(i=1)^ky_i, ...