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The sum c_q(m)=sum_(h^*(q))e^(2piihm/q), (1) where h runs through the residues relatively prime to q, which is important in the representation of numbers by the sums of ...

Given the generating functions defined by (1+53x+9x^2)/(1-82x-82x^2+x^3) = sum_(n=1)^(infty)a_nx^n (1) (2-26x-12x^2)/(1-82x-82x^2+x^3) = sum_(n=0)^(infty)b_nx^n (2) ...

A random closed set (RACS) in R^d is a measurable function from a probability space (Omega,A,P) into (F,Sigma) where F is the collection of all closed subsets of R^d and ...

A random polygon is a polygon generated in some random way. Kendall conjectured that the shape of a random polygon is close to a disk as the area of the polygon becomes large ...

A random variable is a measurable function from a probability space (S,S,P) into a measurable space (S^',S^') known as the state space (Doob 1996). Papoulis (1984, p. 88) ...

A random variate is a variable generated from uniformly distributed pseudorandom numbers. Depending on how they are generated, a random variate can be uniformly or ...

In a plane, consider a sum of N two-dimensional vectors with random orientations. Use phasor notation, and let the phase of each vector be random. Assume N unit steps are ...

On a three-dimensional lattice, a random walk has less than unity probability of reaching any point (including the starting point) as the number of steps approaches infinity. ...

If f:D->Y is a map (a.k.a. function, transformation, etc.) over a domain D, then the range of f, also called the image of D under f, is defined as the set of all values that ...

Let u_k be a series with positive terms and suppose rho=lim_(k->infty)(u_(k+1))/(u_k). Then 1. If rho<1, the series converges. 2. If rho>1 or rho=infty, the series diverges. ...