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An abstract group is a group characterized only by its abstract properties and not by the particular representations chosen for elements. For example, there are two distinct ...

An abstract machine is a model of a computer system (considered either as hardware or software) constructed to allow a detailed and precise analysis of how the computer ...

The abundancy of a number n is defined as the ratio sigma(n)/n, where sigma(n) is the divisor function. For n=1, 2, ..., the first few values are 1, 3/2, 4/3, 7/4, 6/5, 2, ...

The polynomials a_n^((beta))(x) given by the Sheffer sequence with g(t) = (1-t)^(-beta) (1) f(t) = ln(1-t), (2) giving generating function ...

Actuarial science is the study of risk through the use of mathematics, probability, and statistics. A person who performs risk assessment is known as an actuary. Actuaries ...

A golden rhombohedron is a trigonal trapezohedron (and therefore rhombohedron with congruent rhombic faces) whose faces consist of six equal golden rhombi. There are two ...

Let A be a commutative ring and let C_r be an R-module for r=0,1,2,.... A chain complex C__ of the form C__:...|->C_n|->C_(n-1)|->C_(n-2)|->...|->C_2|->C_1|->C_0 is said to ...

Given a triangle DeltaABC, construct the contact triangle DeltaT_AT_BT_C. Now extend lines parallel to the sides of the contact triangle from the Gergonne point. These ...

The combining of two or more quantities using the plus operator. The individual numbers being combined are called addends, and the total is called the sum. The first of ...

Consider the process of taking a number, adding its digits, then adding the digits of the number derived from it, etc., until the remaining number has only one digit. The ...