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A pseudotree is a connected pseudoforest, i.e., an undirected connected graph that contains at most one graph cycle. Connected acyclic graphs (i.e., trees), are therefore ...

The contraction of a pair of vertices v_i and v_j of a graph, also called vertex identification, is the operation that produces a graph in which the two nodes v_1 and v_2 are ...

The lower matching number of a graph is the minimum size of a maximal independent edge set. The (upper) matching number may be similarly defined as the largest size of an ...

A tree not having the complete bipartite graph K_(1,2) with base at the vertex of degree two as a limb (Lu et al. 1993, Lu 1996).

The maximum flow between vertices v_i and v_j in a graph G is exactly the weight of the smallest set of edges to disconnect G with v_i and v_j in different components (Ford ...

The vector field N_f(z)=-(f(z))/(f^'(z)) arising in the definition of the Newtonian graph of a complex univariate polynomial f (Smale 1985, Shub et al. 1988, Kozen and ...

A weakly connected component of a simple directed graph (i.e., a digraph without loops) is a maximal subdigraph such that for every pair of distinct vertices u, v in the ...

Given a point P, the point P^' which is the antipodal point of P is said to be the antipode of P. The term antipode is also used in plane geometry. Given a central conic (or ...

An independent dominating set of a graph G is a set of vertices in G that is both an independent vertex set and a dominating set of G. The minimum size of an independent ...

In algebraic topology, a p-skeleton is a simplicial subcomplex of K that is the collection of all simplices of K of dimension at most p, denoted K^((p)). The graph obtained ...