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A formal mathematical theory which introduces "components at infinity" by defining a new type of divisor class group of integers of a number field. The divisor class group is ...

The free part of the homology group with a domain of coefficients in the group of integers (if this homology group is finitely generated).

Two cones placed base-to-base. The bicone with base radius r and half-height h has surface area and volume S = 2pirsqrt(r^2+h^2) (1) V = 2/3pir^2h. (2) The centroid is at the ...

A roll of 10 on a pair of six-sided dice in the game of craps (Gardner 1978, p. 256). The probability of rolling "a big Dick" is 1/12, or 8.333...%.

A number n for which a shortest chain exists which is a Brauer chain is called a Brauer number. There are infinitely many non-Brauer numbers.

The parametric equations for a catenary are x = t (1) y = cosht, (2) giving the involute as x_i = t-tanht (3) y_i = secht. (4) The involute is therefore half of a tractrix.

A sum of the digits in a given transmission modulo some number. The simplest form of checksum is a parity bit appended on to 7-bit numbers (e.g., ASCII characters) such that ...

The encrypted form of a plaintext.

A class number formula is a finite series giving exactly the class number of a ring. For a ring of quadratic integers, the class number is denoted h(d), where d is the ...

Given a point lattice, a cluster is a group of filled cells which are all connected to their neighbors vertically or horizontally.