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A spanning tree of a graph on n vertices is a subset of n-1 edges that form a tree (Skiena 1990, p. 227). For example, the spanning trees of the cycle graph C_4, diamond ...

Let A=a_(ij) be a matrix with positive coefficients and lambda_0 be the positive eigenvalue in the Frobenius theorem, then the n-1 eigenvalues lambda_j!=lambda_0 satisfy the ...

If all elements a_(ij) of an irreducible matrix A are nonnegative, then R=minM_lambda is an eigenvalue of A and all the eigenvalues of A lie on the disk |z|<=R, where, if ...

The element in the diagonal of a matrix by which other elements are divided in an algorithm such as Gauss-Jordan elimination is called the pivot element. Partial pivoting is ...

A distance-heredity graph, also known as a completely separable graph, is a graph G such that the distance matrix of every connected vertex-induced subgraph G_V of G is the ...

Roughly speaking, a matroid is a finite set together with a generalization of a concept from linear algebra that satisfies a natural set of properties for that concept. For ...

The identity element of an additive group G, usually denoted 0. In the additive group of vectors, the additive identity is the zero vector 0, in the additive group of ...

The double bar symbol | is used to denote certain kinds of norms in mathematics (e.g., ||x|| or ||x||_2). It is also used to denote parallel lines, as in A∥B, and in an older ...

A method of matrix diagonalization using Jacobi rotation matrices P_(pq). It consists of a sequence of orthogonal similarity transformations of the form ...

Fredholm's theorem states that, if A is an m×n matrix, then the orthogonal complement of the row space of A is the null space of A, and the orthogonal complement of the ...