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Let p be an irregular prime, and let P=rp+1 be a prime with P<p^2-p. Also let t be an integer such that t^3≢1 (mod P). For an irregular pair (p,2k), form the product ...

There are two distinct entities both known as the Lagrange number. The more common one arises in rational approximation theory (Conway and Guy 1996), while the other refers ...

A sufficient condition on the Lindeberg-Feller central limit theorem. Given random variates X_1, X_2, ..., let <X_i>=0, the variance sigma_i^2 of X_i be finite, and variance ...

A Cevian is a line segment which joins a vertex of a triangle with a point on the opposite side (or its extension). The condition for three general Cevians from the three ...

Homogeneous barycentric coordinates are barycentric coordinates normalized such that they become the actual areas of the subtriangles. Barycentric coordinates normalized so ...

Whitehead and Russell (1927) devised a hierarchy of "types" in order to eliminate self-referential statements from Principia Mathematica, which purported to derive all of ...

A graph H is a minor of a graph G if a copy of H can be obtained from G via repeated edge deletion and/or edge contraction. The Kuratowski reduction theorem states that any ...

A Proth number that is prime, i.e., a number of the form N=k·2^n+1 for odd k, n a positive integer, and 2^n>k. Factors of Fermat numbers are of this form as long as they ...

One form of van der Waerden's theorem states that for all positive integers k and r, there exists a constant n(r,k) such that if n_0>=n(r,k) and {1,2,...,n_0} subset C_1 ...

Sylvester's line problem, known as the Sylvester-Gallai theorem in proved form, states that it is not possible to arrange a finite number of points so that a line through ...