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Rule 28 is one of the elementary cellular automaton rules introduced by Stephen Wolfram in 1983 (Wolfram 1983, 2002). It specifies the next color in a cell, depending on its ...

Rule 50 is one of the elementary cellular automaton rules introduced by Stephen Wolfram in 1983 (Wolfram 1983, 2002). It specifies the next color in a cell, depending on its ...

The logarithm of the reciprocal of a number, equal to the negative of the logarithm of the number itself, cologx=log(1/x)=-logx.

The nesting of two or more functions to form a single new function is known as composition. The composition of two functions f and g is denoted f degreesg, where f is a ...

The number N_d^((b))(n) of digits d in the base-b representation of a number n is called the b-ary digit count for d. The digit count is implemented in the Wolfram Language ...

An area-preserving affine transformation. Equiaffinities include the crossed hyperbolic rotation, elliptic rotation, hyperbolic rotation, and parabolic rotation.

A graded algebra over the integers Z. Cohomology of a space is a graded ring.

A sequence {a_n}_(n=1)^N forms a (binary) heap if it satisfies a_(|_j/2_|)<=a_j for 2<=j<=N, where |_x_| is the floor function, which is equivalent to a_i<a_(2i) and ...

The Jordan product of quantities x and y is defined by x·y=1/2(xy+yx).

n sets of s trials each, with the probability of success p constant in each set. var(x/n)=spq+s(s-1)sigma_p^2, where sigma_p^2 is the variance of p_i.