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The sum over all external (square) nodes of the lengths of the paths from the root of an extended binary tree to each node. For example, in the tree above, the external path ...

Each of the sacred unit fractions which the ancient Egyptians attributed to the six parts of the eye of the god Horus: 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, and 1/64. These fractions, ...

A set of algebraic invariants for a quantic such that any invariant of the quantic is expressible as a polynomial in members of the set. Gordan (1868) proved the existence of ...

There are several conflicting meanings associated with the notation lgx. In German and Russian literature, the notation lgx is used to mean the common logarithm log_(10)x. ...

Throughout abstract algebra, the term "magma" is most often used as a synonym of the more antiquated term "groupoid," referring to a set equipped with a binary operator. The ...

The Mephisto waltz sequence is defined by beginning with 0 and then iterating the maps 0->001 and 1->110. This gives 0, 001, 001001110, 001001110001001110110110001, ... (OEIS ...

A monoid is a set that is closed under an associative binary operation and has an identity element I in S such that for all a in S, Ia=aI=a. Note that unlike a group, its ...

NAND, also known as the Sheffer stroke, is a connective in logic equivalent to the composition NOT AND that yields true if any condition is false, and false if all conditions ...

A predicate in logic equivalent to the composition NOT OR that yields false if any condition is true, and true if all conditions are false. A NOR B is equivalent to !(A v B), ...

NAND, also known as the Sheffer stroke, is a connective in logic equivalent to the composition NOT AND that yields true if any condition is false, and false if all conditions ...