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The vercosine, written vercos(z) and also known as the "versed cosine," is a little-used trigonometric function defined by vercos(z) = 2cos^2(1/2z) (1) = 1+cosz, (2) where ...

Recall the definition of the autocorrelation function C(t) of a function E(t), C(t)=int_(-infty)^inftyE^_(tau)E(t+tau)dtau. (1) Also recall that the Fourier transform of E(t) ...

On an algebraic curve, the sum of the number of coincidences at a noncuspidal point C is the sum of the orders of the infinitesimal distances from a nearby point P to the ...

The letter O is used for a number of different purposes in mathematics. The double-struck O is sometimes used to represent octonions. The symbols O(x) (sometimes called the ...

A polyhedron is said to be regular if its faces and vertex figures are regular (not necessarily convex) polygons (Coxeter 1973, p. 16). Using this definition, there are a ...

An obtuse triangle is a triangle in which one of the angles is an obtuse angle. (Obviously, only a single angle in a triangle can be obtuse or it wouldn't be a triangle.) A ...

The words random and stochastic are synonymous.

An alternating knot is a knot which possesses a knot diagram in which crossings alternate between under- and overpasses. Not all knot diagrams of alternating knots need be ...

A Carmichael number is an odd composite number n which satisfies Fermat's little theorem a^(n-1)-1=0 (mod n) (1) for every choice of a satisfying (a,n)=1 (i.e., a and n are ...

A primality test is a test to determine whether or not a given number is prime, as opposed to actually decomposing the number into its constituent prime factors (which is ...