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The compositeness test consisting of the application of Fermat's little theorem.

An analytic refinement of results from complex analysis such as those codified by Picard's little theorem, Picard's great theorem, and the Weierstrass-Casorati theorem.

A witness is a number which, as a result of its number theoretic properties, guarantees either the compositeness or primality of a number n. Witnesses are most commonly used ...

The symbol O(x), pronounced "big-O of x," is one of the Landau symbols and is used to symbolically express the asymptotic behavior of a given function. In particular, if n is ...

There are so many theorems due to Fermat that the term "Fermat's theorem" is best avoided unless augmented by a description of which theorem of Fermat is under discussion. ...

A game played with two dice. If the total is 7 or 11 (a "natural"), the thrower wins and retains the dice for another throw. If the total is 2, 3, or 12 ("craps"), the ...

Geometry

Two graphs are homeomorphic if there is a graph isomorphism from some graph subdivision of one to some subdivision of the other.

A connection between two or more vertices of a hypergraph. A hyperedge connecting just two vertices is simply a usual graph edge.

The Pratt certificate is a primality certificate based on Fermat's little theorem converse. Prior to the work of Pratt (1975), the Lucas-Lehmer test had been regarded purely ...