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Voronin (1975) proved the remarkable analytical property of the Riemann zeta function zeta(s) that, roughly speaking, any nonvanishing analytic function can be approximated ...

A sequence {x_1,x_2,...} is equidistributed iff lim_(N->infty)1/Nsum_(n<N)e^(2piimx_n)=0 for each m=1, 2, .... A consequence of this result is that the sequence {frac(nx)} is ...

A run is a sequence of more than one consecutive identical outcomes, also known as a clump. Let R_p(r,n) be the probability that a run of r or more consecutive heads appears ...

There are two definitions of the Fermat number. The less common is a number of the form 2^n+1 obtained by setting x=1 in a Fermat polynomial, the first few of which are 3, 5, ...

The Lucas numbers are the sequence of integers {L_n}_(n=1)^infty defined by the linear recurrence equation L_n=L_(n-1)+L_(n-2) (1) with L_1=1 and L_2=3. The nth Lucas number ...

Perfect numbers are positive integers n such that n=s(n), (1) where s(n) is the restricted divisor function (i.e., the sum of proper divisors of n), or equivalently ...

A harmonic number is a number of the form H_n=sum_(k=1)^n1/k (1) arising from truncation of the harmonic series. A harmonic number can be expressed analytically as ...

Turing machines are defined by sets of rules that operate on four parameters: (state, tape cell color, operation, state). Let the states and tape cell colors be numbered and ...

Consider the consecutive number sequences formed by the concatenation of the first n positive integers: 1, 12, 123, 1234, ... (OEIS A007908; Smarandache 1993, Dumitrescu and ...

The unknot, also called the trivial knot (Rolfsen 1976, p. 51), is a closed loop that is not knotted. In the 1930s Reidemeister first proved that knots exist which are ...