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The illusion illustrated above in which the bounding rectangle and inner square both appear distorted.

The Pell constant is the infinite product P = 1-product_(k=0)^(infty)(1-1/(2^(2k+1))) (1) = 1-(1/2;1/4)_infty (2) = 0.58057755820489... (3) (OEIS A141848), where (a,q)_infty ...

An ideal I of a ring R is called principal if there is an element a of R such that I=aR={ar:r in R}. In other words, the ideal is generated by the element a. For example, the ...

The partial differential equation u_(tt)-u_(xx)=epsilon(u_t-u_t^3).

The function f(x,y)=(1-x)^2+100(y-x^2)^2 that is often used as a test problem for optimization algorithms (where a variation with 100 replaced by 105 is sometimes used; ...

An operator T which commutes with all shift operators E^a, so TE^a=E^aT for all real a in a field. Any two shift-invariant operators commute.

In a network with three graph edges at each graph vertex, the number of Hamiltonian cycles through a specified graph edge is 0 or even.

1000=10^3. The word "thousand" appears in common expressions in a number of languages, for example, "a thousand pardons" in English and "tusen takk" ("a thousand thanks") in ...

The application of characteristic p methods in commutative algebra, which is a synthesis of some areas of commutative algebra and algebraic geometry.

The triangle space T is the set of triples (a,b,c) of real numbers that are side lengths of a (Euclidean) triangle, i.e., T={(a,b,c):0<a<b+c,0<b<c+a,0<c<a+b} (Kimberling ...