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A submodule S of a module M such that for any proper submodule T of M, the submodule generated by S union T is not the entire module M. S is also called superfluous submodule.

A fixed point for which the stability matrix has equal negative eigenvalues.

A straight line embedding, or "straight line drawing," of a graph is a graph embedding in which all edges are drawn as straight line segments (as opposed to curves, etc.).

A conjecture which relates the minimal elliptic discriminant of an elliptic curve to the j-conductor. If true, it would imply Fermat's last theorem for sufficiently large ...

Coordinates useful for plotting projective three-dimensional curves of the form f(x_0,x_1,x_2,x_3)=0 which are defined by x_0 = 1-z-sqrt(2)x (1) x_1 = 1-z+sqrt(2)x (2) x_2 = ...

A strategy for the iterated prisoner's dilemma in which a prisoner cooperates on the first move, and thereafter copies the previous move of the other prisoner. Any better ...

A topological sort is a permutation p of the vertices of a graph such that an edge {i,j} implies that i appears before j in p (Skiena 1990, p. 208). Only acyclic digraphs can ...

In statistics, a trial is a single performance of well-defined experiment (Papoulis 1984, p. 25), such as the flipping of a coin, the generation of a random number, the ...

The function defined by U(n)=(n!)^(n!). The values for n=0, 1, ..., are 1, 1, 4, 46656, 1333735776850284124449081472843776, ... (OEIS A046882).

A quantity which takes on the value zero is said to vanish identically, or sometimes simply to vanish. The term "vanish identically" is preferred when emphasis is needed that ...