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Let C_1, C_2, C_3, and C_4 be four circles of general position through a point P. Let P_(ij) be the second intersection of the circles C_i and C_j. Let C_(ijk) be the circle ...

The surface given by the parametric equations x = e^(bv)cosv+e^(av)cosucosv (1) y = e^(bv)sinv+e^(av)cosusinv (2) z = e^(av)sinu. (3) For a=b=1, the coefficients of the first ...

Given the direct sum of additive Abelian groups A direct sum B, A and B are called direct summands. The map i_1:A-->A direct sum B defined by i(a)=a direct sum 0 is called ...

A generalization of the helicoid to the parametric equations x(u,v) = avcosu (1) y(u,v) = bvsinu (2) z(u,v) = cu. (3) In this parametrization, the surface has first ...

The second singular value k_2, corresponding to K^'(k_2)=sqrt(2)K(k_2), (1) is given by k_2 = tan(pi/8) (2) = sqrt(2)-1 (3) k_2^' = sqrt(2)(sqrt(2)-1). (4) For this modulus, ...

Relates evolutes to single paths in the calculus of variations. Proved in the general case by Darboux and Zermelo in 1894 and Kneser in 1898. It states: "When a single ...

The surface with parametric equations x = (sinhvcos(tauu))/(1+coshucoshv) (1) y = (sinhvsin(tauu))/(1+coshucoshv) (2) z = (coshvsinh(u))/(1+coshucoshv), (3) where tau is the ...

A partial differential equation of second-order, i.e., one of the form Au_(xx)+2Bu_(xy)+Cu_(yy)+Du_x+Eu_y+F=0, (1) is called hyperbolic if the matrix Z=[A B; B C] (2) ...

A linear transformation of period two. Since a linear transformation has the form, lambda^'=(alphalambda+beta)/(gammalambda+delta), (1) applying the transformation a second ...

Given a general second tensor rank tensor A_(ij) and a metric g_(ij), define theta = A_(ij)g^(ij)=A_i^i (1) omega^i = epsilon^(ijk)A_(jk) (2) sigma_(ij) = ...