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Every odd integer n is a prime or the sum of three primes. This problem is closely related to Vinogradov's theorem.

If the first case of Fermat's last theorem is false for the prime exponent p, then 3^(p-1)=1 (mod p^2).

A specific type of ultraproduct that can be used to construct nonstandard universes and obtain the transfer principle as a corollary of Łoś' theorem for ultraproducts.

Let S be partitioned into r×s disjoint sets E_i and F_j where the general subset is denoted E_i intersection F_j. Then the marginal probability of E_i is ...

If one event can occur in m ways and a second can occur independently of the first in n ways, then the two events can occur in mn ways.

n events are said to be mutually exclusive if the occurrence of any one of them precludes any of the others. Therefore, for events X_1, ..., X_n, the conditional probability ...

The probability that a variate would assume a value greater than or equal to the observed value strictly by chance: P(z>=z_(observed)).

The portion of the probability distribution which has a P-value equal to the observed P-value.

If B superset A (B is a superset of A), then P(A)<=P(B).

The set closure of the set of arguments of a function f for which f is not zero.