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The Shaw Prizes are $1 million cash awards offered annually by Run Run Shaw (b. 1907), a longtime movie and television producer. There are prizes for astronomy, life science ...

Sigma is the eighteenth letter of the ancient Greek alphabet. As an upper case letter (Sigma), it is used as a symbol for sums and series. As a lower case letter (sigma) it ...

"SOHCAHTOA" is a helpful mnemonic for remembering the definitions of the trigonometric functions sine, cosine, and tangent i.e., sine equals opposite side over hypotenuse, ...

Sorites paradoxes are a class of paradoxical arguments also known as little-by-little arguments. The name "sorites" derives from the Greek word soros, meaning "pile" or ...

A square matrix A is a special orthogonal matrix if AA^(T)=I, (1) where I is the identity matrix, and the determinant satisfies detA=1. (2) The first condition means that A ...

A square matrix U is a special unitary matrix if UU^*=I, (1) where I is the identity matrix and U^* is the conjugate transpose matrix, and the determinant is detU=1. (2) The ...

The square wave, also called a pulse train, or pulse wave, is a periodic waveform consisting of instantaneous transitions between two levels. The square wave is sometimes ...

That part of a positive integer left after all square factors are divided out. For example, the squarefree part of 24=2^3·3 is 6, since 6·2^2=24. For n=1, 2, ..., the first ...

The multiplicative suborder of a number a (mod n) is the least exponent e>0 such that a^e=+/-1 (mod n), or zero if no such e exists. An e always exists if GCD(a,n)=1 and n>1. ...

The set of elements belonging to one but not both of two given sets. It is therefore the union of the complement of A with respect to B and B with respect to A, and ...