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The Lebombo bone is the oldest known mathematical artifact. It dates from 35000 BC and consists of 29 distinct notches that were deliberately cut into a baboon's fibula. It ...

The least number of crossings that occur in any projection of a link. In general, it is difficult to find the crossing number of a given link. Knots and links are generally ...

The span of an unoriented link diagram (also called the link spread) is the difference between the highest and lowest degrees of its bracket polynomial. The span is a ...

Given a point P and a line AB, draw the perpendicular through P and call it PC. Let PD be any other line from P which meets CB in D. In a hyperbolic geometry, as D moves off ...

The symbol separating the dividend from the divisor in a long division that is drawn as a right parenthesis (or sometimes a straight vertical bar) with an attached vinculum ...

Let the least term h of a sequence be a term which is smaller than all but a finite number of the terms which are equal to h. Then h is called the lower limit of the ...

Let K be a field of field characteristic 0 (e.g., the rationals Q) and let {u_n} be a sequence of elements of K which satisfies a difference equation of the form ...

An integer sequence given by the recurrence relation a(n)=a(a(n-2))+a(n-a(n-2)) with a(1)=a(2)=1. The first few values are 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 11, ...

The Diophantine equation x^2+y^2+z^2=3xyz. The Markov numbers m are the union of the solutions (x,y,z) to this equation and are related to Lagrange numbers.

Simple majority vote is the only procedure which is anonymous, dual, and monotonic.