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Related to or being the mathematically most simple case. More generally, the word "trivial" is used to describe any result which requires little or no effort to derive or ...

The game of billiards is played on a rectangular table (known as a billiard table) upon which balls are placed. One ball (the "cue ball") is then struck with the end of a ...

The number obtained by adding the reciprocals of the odd twin primes, B=(1/3+1/5)+(1/5+1/7)+(1/(11)+1/(13))+(1/(17)+1/(19))+.... (1) By Brun's theorem, the series converges ...

Orthogonal circles are orthogonal curves, i.e., they cut one another at right angles. By the Pythagorean theorem, two circles of radii r_1 and r_2 whose centers are a ...

If f(x,y) is an analytic function in a neighborhood of the point (x_0,y_0) (i.e., it can be expanded in a series of nonnegative integer powers of (x-x_0) and (y-y_0)), find a ...

Let X and Y be CW-complexes and let X_n (respectively Y_n) denote the n-skeleton of X (respectively Y). Then a continuous map f:X->Y is said to be cellular if it takes ...

A compositeness certificate is a piece of information which guarantees that a given number p is composite. Possible certificates consist of a factor of a number (which, in ...

The highest power in a univariate polynomial is known as its degree, or sometimes "order." For example, the polynomial P(x)=a_nx^n+...+a_2x^2+a_1x+a_0 is of degree n, denoted ...

A rigorous mathematical argument which unequivocally demonstrates the truth of a given proposition. A mathematical statement that has been proven is called a theorem. ...

A quantified system of real algebraic equations and inequalities in variables {x_1,...,x_n} is an expression QS=Q_1(y_1)Q_2(y_2)...Q_m(y_m)S(x_1,...,x_n;y_1,...,y_m), where Q ...