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The Earth-Moon problem is a special case of the empire problem for countries with m=2 disjoint regions, with one region of each country lying on the Earth and one on the Moon ...

A number n is called an Egyptian number if it is the sum of the denominators in some unit fraction representation of a positive whole number not consisting entirely of 1s. ...

The first solution to Lamé's differential equation, denoted E_n^m(x) for m=1, ..., 2n+1. They are also called Lamé functions. The product of two ellipsoidal harmonics of the ...

The amazing polynomial identity communicated by Euler in a letter to Goldbach on April 12, 1749 (incorrectly given as April 15, 1705--before Euler was born--in Conway and Guy ...

An exterior angle beta of a polygon is the angle formed externally between two adjacent sides. It is therefore equal to 2pi-alpha, where alpha is the corresponding internal ...

The exterior derivative of a function f is the one-form df=sum_(i)(partialf)/(partialx_i)dx_i (1) written in a coordinate chart (x_1,...,x_n). Thinking of a function as a ...

An extremum is a maximum or minimum. An extremum may be local (a.k.a. a relative extremum; an extremum in a given region which is not the overall maximum or minimum) or ...

The Fermat quotient for a number a and a prime base p is defined as q_p(a)=(a^(p-1)-1)/p. (1) If pab, then q_p(ab) = q_p(a)+q_p(b) (2) q_p(p+/-1) = ∓1 (3) (mod p), where the ...

A place nu of a number field k is an isomorphism class of field maps k onto a dense subfield of a nondiscrete locally compact field k_nu. In the function field case, let F be ...

A general space based on the line element ds=F(x^1,...,x^n;dx^1,...,dx^n), with F(x,y)>0 for y!=0 a function on the tangent bundle T(M), and homogeneous of degree 1 in y. ...