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The slope-intercept form of a line in the Cartesian plane is given by y=mx+b, where b is the y-intercept and m is the slope.

A square grid is a grid formed by tiling the plane regularly with squares.

Given any two distinct points x,y, there exist neighborhoods u and v of x and y, respectively, with u intersection v=emptyset. It then follows that finite subsets are closed.

A topological basis is a subset B of a set T in which all other open sets can be written as unions or finite intersections of B. For the real numbers, the set of all open ...

The closure of a set A is the smallest closed set containing A. Closed sets are closed under arbitrary intersection, so it is also the intersection of all closed sets ...

A function f is topologically transitive if, given any two intervals U and V, there is some positive integer k such that f^k(U) intersection V!=emptyset. Vaguely, this means ...

A triangular grid, also called an isometric grid (Gardner 1986, pp. 209-210), is a grid formed by tiling the plane regularly with equilateral triangles.

Also called indiscrete topology, the trivial topology is the smallest topology on a set X, namely the one in which the only open sets are the empty set and the entire set X. ...

An ultrametric is a metric which satisfies the following strengthened version of the triangle inequality, d(x,z)<=max(d(x,y),d(y,z)) for all x,y,z. At least two of d(x,y), ...

To each epsilon>0, there corresponds a delta such that ||f-g||<epsilon whenever ||f||=||g||=1 and ||(f+g)/2||>1-delta. This is a geometric property of the unit sphere of ...