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A transformation in which vectors are transformed in a fixed coordinate system. In contrast, a transformation in which the coordinate system is changed, leaving vectors in ...

The number 10 (ten) is the basis for the decimal system of notation. In this system, each "decimal place" consists of a digit 0-9 arranged such that each digit is multiplied ...

As Lagrange showed, any irrational number alpha has an infinity of rational approximations p/q which satisfy |alpha-p/q|<1/(sqrt(5)q^2). (1) Furthermore, if there are no ...

As proved by Sierpiński (1960), there exist infinitely many positive odd numbers k such that k·2^n+1 is composite for every n>=1. Numbers k with this property are called ...

In 1638, Fermat proposed that every positive integer is a sum of at most three triangular numbers, four square numbers, five pentagonal numbers, and n n-polygonal numbers. ...

A number defined by b_n=b_n(0), where b_n(x) is a Bernoulli polynomial of the second kind (Roman 1984, p. 294), also called Cauchy numbers of the first kind. The first few ...

One form of van der Waerden's theorem states that for all positive integers k and r, there exists a constant n(r,k) such that if n_0>=n(r,k) and {1,2,...,n_0} subset C_1 ...

The base-2 transcendental number 0.11011011111011011111..._2 (1) (OEIS A014578), where the nth bit is 1 if n is not divisible by 3 and is the complement of the (n/3)th bit if ...

"Chaos" is a tricky thing to define. In fact, it is much easier to list properties that a system described as "chaotic" has rather than to give a precise definition of chaos. ...

The decimal expansion of a number is its representation in base-10 (i.e., in the decimal system). In this system, each "decimal place" consists of a digit 0-9 arranged such ...