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The unique nonnegative square root of a nonnegative real number. For example, the principal square root of 9 is 3, although both -3 and 3 are square roots of 9. The concept ...

A mathematical problem, usually not requiring advanced mathematics, to which a solution is desired. Puzzles frequently require the rearrangement of existing pieces (e.g., 15 ...

The Latin prefix quadri- is used to indicate the number 4, for example, quadrilateral, quadrant, etc. However, it also very commonly used to denote objects involving the ...

A rhombus is a quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel and all sides the same length, i.e., an equilateral parallelogram. The word rhomb is sometimes used ...

The ring of integers is the set of integers ..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ..., which form a ring. This ring is commonly denoted Z (doublestruck Z), or sometimes I (doublestruck I). ...

Rubik's Clock is a puzzle consisting of 18 small clocks, 14 of which are independent, each of which may be set to any 12-hour position. There are therefore 12^(14) possible ...

Let k>=0 and n>=2 be integers. A SOMA, or more specifically a SOMA(k,n), is an n×n array A, whose entries are k-subsets of a kn-set Omega, such that each element of Omega ...

A symbol of the form {p,q,r,...} used to describe regular polygons, polyhedra, and their higher-dimensional counterparts. The symbol {p} denotes a regular polygon for integer ...

The Schroeder stairs, also called Schouten's staircase (Bool et al. 1982, p. 147), are an ambiguous figure that depicts two different staircases at the same time: one going ...

The maximal number of regions into which space can be divided by n planes is f(n)=1/6(n^3+5n+6) (Yaglom and Yaglom 1987, pp. 102-106). For n=1, 2, ..., these give the values ...