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A notation for polyhedra which begins by specifying a "seed" polyhedron using a capital letter. The Platonic solids are denoted T (tetrahedron), O (octahedron), C (cube), I ...

Conway triangle notation defines S=2Delta (1) where Delta is the area of a reference triangle, and S_phi=Scotphi. (2) This gives the special cases S_A = 1/2(-a^2+b^2+c^2) (3) ...

A number of the form n^...^_()_(n)n, where Knuth up-arrow notation has been used. The first few Ackermann numbers are 1^1=1, 2^^2=4, and ...

The power tower of order k is defined as a^^k=a^(a^(·^(·^(·^a))))_()_(k), (1) where ^ is Knuth up-arrow notation (Knuth 1976), which in turn is defined by ...

Let N^* be the smallest dimension n of a hypercube such that if the lines joining all pairs of corners are two-colored for any n>=N^*, a complete graph K_4 of one color with ...

A wide variety of large numbers crop up in mathematics. Some are contrived, but some actually arise in proofs. Often, it is possible to prove existence theorems by deriving ...

The mathematical study of combinatorial objects in which a certain degree of order must occur as the scale of the object becomes large. Ramsey theory is named after Frank ...

A busy beaver is an n-state, 2-color Turing machine which writes a maximum number Sigma(n) of 1s before halting (Rado 1962; Lin and Rado 1965; Shallit 1998). Alternatively, ...

A term in social choice theory meaning invariance of a result under permutation of voters.

A term in social choice theory meaning a change favorable for X does not hurt X.