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Find two numbers such that x^2=y^2 (mod n). If you know the greatest common divisor of n and x-y, there exists a high probability of determining a prime factor. Taking small ...

A primitive group action is transitive and it has no nontrivial group blocks. A transitive group action that is not primitive is called imprimitive. A group that has a ...

An extension A subset B of a group, ring, module, field, etc., such that A!=B.

Given a Pythagorean triple (a,b,c), the fractions a/b and b/a are called Pythagorean fractions. Diophantus showed that the Pythagorean fractions consist precisely of ...

The doublestruck capital letter Q, Q, denotes the field of rationals. It derives from the German word Quotient, which can be translated as "ratio." The symbol Q first ...

R^- denotes the real negative numbers.

R^+ denotes the real positive numbers.

The doublestruck letter R denotes the field of real numbers.

The root lattice of a semisimple Lie algebra is the discrete lattice generated by the Lie algebra roots in h^*, the dual vector space to the Cartan subalgebra.

A negative number multiplied by another negative number gives a positive number.