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A polynomial Z_G(q,v) in two variables for abstract graphs. A graph with one graph vertex has Z=q. Adding a graph vertex not attached by any graph edges multiplies the Z by ...

kappa(d)={(2lneta(d))/(sqrt(d)) for d>0; (2pi)/(w(d)sqrt(|d|)) for d<0, (1) where eta(d) is the fundamental unit and w(d) is the number of substitutions which leave the ...

A discrete group is a topological group with the discrete topology. Often in practice, discrete groups arise as discrete subgroups of continuous Lie groups acting on a ...

A number n is said to be divisible by d if d is a divisor of n. The function Divisible[n, d] returns True if an integer n is divisible by an integer d. The product of any n ...

Based on a problem in particle physics, Dyson (1962abc) conjectured that the constant term in the Laurent series product_(1<=i!=j<=n)(1-(x_i)/(x_j))^(a_i) is the multinomial ...

An edge-induced subgraph is a subset of the edges of a graph G together with any vertices that are their endpoints. The subgraph induced by a set of edges can be computed in ...

In a graph G, contraction of an edge e with endpoints u,v is the replacement of u and v with a single vertex such that edges incident to the new vertex are the edges other ...

An encoding is a way of representing a number or expression in terms of another (usually simpler) one. However, multiple expressions can also be encoded as a single ...

The term endomorphism derives from the Greek adverb endon ("inside") and morphosis ("to form" or "to shape"). In algebra, an endomorphism of a group, module, ring, vector ...

The term energy has an important physical meaning in physics and is an extremely useful concept. There are several forms energy defined in mathematics. In measure theory, let ...