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There are two different definitions of the mid-arc points. The mid-arc points M_(AB), M_(AC), and M_(BC) of a triangle DeltaABC as defined by Johnson (1929) are the points on ...

An oval is a curve resembling a squashed circle but, unlike the ellipse, without a precise mathematical definition. The word oval derived from the Latin word "ovus" for egg. ...

A perpendicular bisector CD of a line segment AB is a line segment perpendicular to AB and passing through the midpoint M of AB (left figure). The perpendicular bisector of a ...

A principal bundle is a special case of a fiber bundle where the fiber is a group G. More specifically, G is usually a Lie group. A principal bundle is a total space E along ...

The Stammler circles are the three circles (apart from the circumcircle), that intercept the sidelines of a reference triangle DeltaABC in chords of lengths equal to the ...

The thickness (or depth) t(G) (Skiena 1990, p. 251; Beineke 1997) or theta(G) (Harary 1994, p. 120) of a graph G is the minimum number of planar edge-induced subgraphs P_i of ...

The Kirchhoff sum index KfS is a graph index defined for a graph on n nodes by KfS=1/2sum_(i=1)^nsum_(j=1)^n((Omega)_(ij))/((d)_(ij)), where (Omega)_(ij) is the resistance ...

The stability index Z^_(G) of a graph G is defined by Z^_=sum_(k=0)^(|_n/2_|)|c_(2k)|, where c_k is the kth coefficient of the characteristic polynomial and |_n_| denotes the ...

A complete oriented graph (Skiena 1990, p. 175), i.e., a graph in which every pair of nodes is connected by a single uniquely directed edge. The first and second 3-node ...

For a general quadrilateral with sides of length a, b, c, and d, the area K is given by (1) where s=1/2(a+b+c+d) (2) is the semiperimeter, A is the angle between a and d, and ...