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In the biconjugate gradient method, the residual vector r^((i)) can be regarded as the product of r^((0)) and an ith degree polynomial in A, i.e., r^((i))=P_i(A)r^((0)). (1) ...

The Spencer-Brown form is a simple mathematical concept that formalizes what a mathematical object is formally identical to what it is not (Spencer-Brown 1997, pp. ix and ...

If two numbers b and c have the property that their difference b-c is integrally divisible by a number m (i.e., (b-c)/m is an integer), then b and c are said to be "congruent ...

A phenomenological law also called the first digit law, first digit phenomenon, or leading digit phenomenon. Benford's law states that in listings, tables of statistics, ...

A polynomial is a mathematical expression involving a sum of powers in one or more variables multiplied by coefficients. A polynomial in one variable (i.e., a univariate ...