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The point of illumination for a caustic.

A shift in phase.

A surface possessing a saddle point.

A point at which two noncrossing branches of a curve meet with different tangents.

A translation without rotation or distortion.

If (sinalpha)/(sinbeta)=m/n, then (tan[1/2(alpha-beta)])/(tan[1/2(alpha+beta)])=(m-n)/(m+n).

An object which can be constructed by squaring is called squarable.

The unit of solid angle. The solid angle corresponding to all of space being subtended is 4pi steradians.

A tangent point of two similar curves.

A quantity which transforms like a tensor except for a scalar factor of a Jacobian.