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If a line intersects one of two parallel lines, both of which are coplanar with the original line, then it must intersect the other also. This axiom is equivalent to the ...

Given a vector space V, its projectivization P(V), sometimes written P(V-0), is the set of equivalence classes x∼lambdax for any lambda!=0 in V-0. For example, complex ...

The evolute of the prolate cycloid x = at-bsint (1) y = a-bcost (2) (with b>a) is given by x = a[t+((bcost-a)sint)/(acost-b)] (3) y = (a(a-bcost)^2)/(b(acost-b)). (4)

A map projection in which the parallels are represented by concentric circular arcs and the meridians by concurrent curves.

A projection in which latitude lines are parallel but meridians are curves.

For a quadrilateral which is not cyclic, Ptolemy's theorem becomes an inequality: AB×CD+BC×DA>AC×BD. The Ptolemy inequality is still valid when ABCD is a triangular pyramid ...

A pyritohedron is an irregular dodecahedron composed of identical irregular pentagons. The name "pyritohedron" derives from that fact that a common crystal form in pyrite has ...

Given a Pythagorean triple (a,b,c), the fractions a/b and b/a are called Pythagorean fractions. Diophantus showed that the Pythagorean fractions consist precisely of ...

A Pythagorean triangle is a right triangle with integer side lengths (i.e., whose side lengths (a,b,c) form a Pythagorean triple). A Pythagorean triangle with GCD(a,b,c)=1 is ...

One of the four regions of the plane defined by the four possible combinations of signs (+,+), (+,-), (-,+), and (-,-) for (x,y).