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If p_1, ..., p_n are positive numbers which sum to 1 and f is a real continuous function that is convex, then f(sum_(i=1)^np_ix_i)<=sum_(i=1)^np_if(x_i). (1) If f is concave, ...

Since each triplet of Yff circles are congruent and pass through a single point, they obey Johnson's theorem. As a result, in each case, there is a fourth circle congruent to ...

A nonassociative algebra named after physicist Pascual Jordan which satisfies xy=yx (1) and (xx)(xy)=x((xx)y)). (2) The latter is equivalent to the so-called Jordan identity ...

A matrix, also called a canonical box matrix, having zeros everywhere except along the diagonal and superdiagonal, with each element of the diagonal consisting of a single ...

The kei_nu(z) function is defined as the imaginary part of e^(-nupii/2)K_nu(ze^(pii/4))=ker_nu(z)+ikei_nu(z), (1) where K_nu(z) is a modified Bessel function of the second ...

For every ring containing p spheres, there exists a ring of q spheres, each touching each of the p spheres, where 1/p+1/q=1/2, (1) which can also be written (p-2)(q-2)=4. (2) ...

Given a series of positive terms u_i and a sequence of finite positive constants a_i, let rho=lim_(n->infty)(a_n(u_n)/(u_(n+1))-a_(n+1)). 1. If rho>0, the series converges. ...

A four-vector a_mu is said to be lightlike if its four-vector norm satisfies a_mua^mu=0. One should note that the four-vector norm is nothing more than a special case of the ...

Line segment picking is the process of picking line segments at random within a given shape in the plane, in space, or in a higher dimension. The most natural definition of a ...

The Lommel differential equation is a generalization of the Bessel differential equation given by z^2y^('')+zy^'+(z^2-nu^2)y=kz^(mu+1), (1) or, in the most general form, by ...