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The expectation value of a function f(x) in a variable x is denoted <f(x)> or E{f(x)}. For a single discrete variable, it is defined by <f(x)>=sum_(x)f(x)P(x), (1) where P(x) ...

A system of linear differential equations (dy)/(dz)=A(z)y, (1) with A(z) an analytic n×n matrix, for which the matrix A(z) is analytic in C^_\{a_1,...,a_N} and has a pole of ...

Let {a_n} be a nonnegative sequence and f(x) a nonnegative integrable function. Define A_n=sum_(k=1)^na_k (1) and F(x)=int_0^xf(t)dt (2) and take p>1. For sums, ...

The harmonic parameter of a polyhedron is the weighted mean of the distances d_i from a fixed interior point to the faces, where the weights are the areas A_i of the faces, ...

A Kapteyn series is a series of the form sum_(n=0)^inftyalpha_nJ_(nu+n)[(nu+n)z], (1) where J_n(z) is a Bessel function of the first kind. Examples include Kapteyn's original ...

Let F be a differential field with constant field K. For f in F, suppose that the equation g^'=f (i.e., g=intf) has a solution g in G, where G is an elementary extension of F ...

Let x=(x_1,x_2,...,x_n) and y=(y_1,y_2,...,y_n) be nonincreasing sequences of real numbers. Then x majorizes y if, for each k=1, 2, ..., n, sum_(i=1)^kx_i>=sum_(i=1)^ky_i, ...

A modification of Legendre's formula for the prime counting function pi(x). It starts with |_x_| = (1) where |_x_| is the floor function, P_2(x,a) is the number of integers ...

sum_(k=0)^(infty)[((m)_k)/(k!)]^3 = 1+(m/1)^3+[(m(m+1))/(1·2)]^3+... (1) = (Gamma(1-3/2m))/([Gamma(1-1/2m)]^3)cos(1/2mpi), (2) where (m)_k is a Pochhammer symbol and Gamma(z) ...

If (1-z)^(alpha+beta-gamma-1/2)_2F_1(2alpha,2beta;2gamma;z)=sum_(n=0)^inftya_nz^n, (1) where _2F_1(a,b;c;z) is a hypergeometric function, then (2) where (a)_n is a Pochhammer ...