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A class is a generalized set invented to get around Russell's antinomy while retaining the arbitrary criteria for membership which leads to difficulty for sets. The members ...

A dissection fallacy is an apparent paradox arising when two plane figures with different areas seem to be composed by the same finite set of parts. In order to produce this ...

Assume X, Y, and Z are lotteries. Denote "X is preferred to Y" as X≻Y, and indifference between them by X∼Y. One version of the probability axioms are then given by the ...

The Monty Hall problem is named for its similarity to the Let's Make a Deal television game show hosted by Monty Hall. The problem is stated as follows. Assume that a room is ...

Informally, a situation in which a decision must be made from several alternatives, none of which is obviously the optimal one. In formal logic, a dilemma is a specific type ...

A term in social choice theory meaning invariance of a result under permutation of voters.

A property of a space which is also true of each of its subspaces. Being "first-countable" is hereditary, but having a given genus is not.

(1) Based on or involving trial and error. (2) Convincing without being rigorous.

A multivariate polynomial (i.e., a polynomial in more than one variable) with all terms having the same degree. For example, x^3+xyz+y^2z+z^3 is a homogeneous polynomial of ...

A term in social choice theory meaning a change favorable for X does not hurt X.