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For even h, (1) (Nagell 1951, p. 176). Writing out symbolically, sum_(n=0)^h((-1)^nproduct_(k=0)^(n-1)(1-x^(h-k)))/(product_(k=1)^(n)(1-x^k))=product_(k=0)^(h/2-1)1-x^(2k+1), ...

An algebraic ring which appears in treatments of duality in algebraic geometry. Let A be a local Artinian ring with m subset A its maximal ideal. Then A is a Gorenstein ring ...

Define the zeta function of a variety over a number field by taking the product over all prime ideals of the zeta functions of this variety reduced modulo the primes. Hasse ...

An n-dimensional manifold M is said to be a homotopy sphere, if it is homotopy equivalent to the n-sphere S^n. Thus no homotopy group can distinguish between M and S^n. The ...

The ideal quotient (a:b) is an analog of division for ideals in a commutative ring R, (a:b)={x in R:xb subset a}. The ideal quotient is always another ideal. However, this ...

A special ideal in a commutative ring R. The Jacobson radical is the intersection of the maximal ideals in R. It could be the zero ideal, as in the case of the integers.

The links curve is the quartic curve given by the Cartesian equation (x^2+y^2-3x)^2=4x^2(2-x). (1) The area enclosed by the outer envelope is A_(envelope)=1/6(9pi+8) (2) and ...

This is proven in Rademacher and Toeplitz (1957).

In abstract topology, a machine is method for producing infinite loop spaces and spectra. In automata theory, an abstract machine that is implemented in hardware is simply ...

The ring of integers of a number field K, denoted O_K, is the set of algebraic integers in K, which is a ring of dimension d over Z, where d is the extension degree of K over ...