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One of the numbers ..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, .... The set of integers forms a ring that is denoted Z. A given integer n may be negative (n in Z^-), nonnegative (n in Z^*), zero ...

The order of the polynomial defining an algebraic curve.

The Fermat number F_n is prime iff 3^(2^(2^n-1))=-1 (mod F_n).

Subtraction is the operation of taking the difference d=x-y of two numbers x and y. Here, x is called the minuend, y is called the subtrahend, and the symbol between the x ...

A Brauer chain is an addition chain in which each member uses the previous member as an addend. A number n for which a shortest chain exists which is a Brauer chain is called ...

A multiple of a number x is any quantity y=nx with n an integer. If x and y are integers, then x is called a factor of y. The smallest positive number m for which there exist ...

A test which always identifies prime numbers correctly, but may incorrectly identify a composite number as a prime.

The first quadratic nonresidue mod p of a number is always less than 3(lnp)^2/2 (Wedeniwski 2001).

The identity F_n^4-F_(n-2)F_(n-1)F_(n+1)F_(n+2)=1, where F_n is a Fibonacci number.

Any prime number other than 2 (which is the unique even prime). Humorously, 2 is therefore the "oddest" prime.