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The evolute of the curtate cycloid x = at-bsint (1) y = a-bcost (2) (with b<a) is given by x = (a[-2bt+2atcost-2asint+bsin(2t)])/(2(acost-b)) (3) y = ...

Let gamma(t) be a smooth curve in a manifold M from x to y with gamma(0)=x and gamma(1)=y. Then gamma^'(t) in T_(gamma(t)), where T_x is the tangent space of M at x. The ...

A curve has positive orientation if a region R is on the left when traveling around the outside of R, or on the right when traveling around the inside of R.

A cusp is a point at which two branches of a curve meet such that the tangents of each branch are equal. The above plot shows the semicubical parabola curve x^3-y^2=0, which ...

The function f(x)=1-2|x|^(1/2) for x in [-1,1]. The natural invariant is rho(y)=1/2(1-y).

A cycle double cover of an undirected graph is a collection of cycles that cover each edge of the graph exactly twice. For a polyhedral graph, the faces of a corresponding ...

A linear code C is cyclic if for every codeword (c_0,c_1,...,c_(n-1)) in C, the codeword (c_(n-1),c_0,c_1,...,c_(n-2)) is also in C.

A permutation which shifts all elements of a set by a fixed offset, with the elements shifted off the end inserted back at the beginning. For a set with elements a_0, a_1, ...

The 3-node tournament (and directed graph) illustrated above (Harary 1994, p. 205).

A vector v on a Hilbert space H is said to be cyclic if there exists some bounded linear operator T on H so that the set of orbits {T^iv}_(i=0)^infty={v,Tv,T^2v,...} is dense ...