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A prime link is a link that cannot be represented as a knot sum of other links. Doll and Hoste (1991) list polynomials for oriented links of nine or fewer crossings, and ...

There are many unsolved problems in mathematics. Some prominent outstanding unsolved problems (as well as some which are not necessarily so well known) include 1. The ...

The Smarandache function mu(n) is the function first considered by Lucas (1883), Neuberg (1887), and Kempner (1918) and subsequently rediscovered by Smarandache (1980) that ...

In algebraic topology, the Reidemeister torsion is a notion originally introduced as a topological invariant of 3-manifolds which has now been widely adapted to a variety of ...

The chromatic polynomial pi_G(z) of an undirected graph G, also denoted C(G;z) (Biggs 1973, p. 106) and P(G,x) (Godsil and Royle 2001, p. 358), is a polynomial which encodes ...

A simple graph, also called a strict graph (Tutte 1998, p. 2), is an unweighted, undirected graph containing no graph loops or multiple edges (Gibbons 1985, p. 2; West 2000, ...

The term Euclidean refers to everything that can historically or logically be referred to Euclid's monumental treatise The Thirteen Books of the Elements, written around the ...

Just as the ratio of the arc length of a semicircle to its radius is always pi, the ratio P of the arc length of the parabolic segment formed by the latus rectum of any ...

In August 2002, M. Agrawal and colleagues announced a deterministic algorithm for determining if a number is prime that runs in polynomial time (Agrawal et al. 2004). While ...

An alternating knot is a knot which possesses a knot diagram in which crossings alternate between under- and overpasses. Not all knot diagrams of alternating knots need be ...