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Let K be a field, and A a K-algebra. Elements y_1, ..., y_n are algebraically independent over K if the natural surjection K[Y_1,...,Y_n]->K[y_1,...,y_n] is an isomorphism. ...

If F is the Borel sigma-algebra on some topological space, then a measure m:F->R is said to be a Borel measure (or Borel probability measure). For a Borel measure, all ...

Let A be a unital Banach algebra. If a in A and ||1-a||<1, then a^(-1) can be represented by the series sum_(n=0)^(infty)(1-a)^n. This criterion for checking invertibility of ...

Elementary methods consist of arithmetic, geometry, and high school algebra. These are the only tools that may be used in the branch of number theory known as elementary ...

A closed ideal I in a C^*-algebra A is called essential if I has nonzero intersection with every other nonzero closed ideal A or, equivalently, if aI={0} implies a=0 for all ...

The proposition that every proper ideal of a Boolean algebra can be extended to a maximal ideal. It is equivalent to the Boolean representation theorem, which can be proved ...

A partial algebra is a pair A=(A,(f_i^A)_(i in I)), where for each i in I, there are an ordinal number alpha_i and a set X_i subset= A^(alpha_i) such that f_i^A is a function ...

A Lie group is called semisimple if its Lie algebra is semisimple. For example, the special linear group SL(n) and special orthogonal group SO(n) (over R or C) are ...

Given a subalgebra A of the algebra B(H) of bounded linear transformations from a Hilbert space H onto itself, the vector v in H is a separating vector for A if the only ...

A variety V of algebras is a strong variety provided that for each subvariety W of V, and each algebra A in V, if A is generated by its W- subalgebras, then A in W. In strong ...