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A principal ideal domain is an integral domain in which every proper ideal can be generated by a single element. The term "principal ideal domain" is often abbreviated P.I.D. ...

The principal value of an analytic multivalued function is the single value chosen by convention to be returned for a given argument. Complex multivalued functions have ...

A subfield which is strictly smaller than the field in which it is contained. The field of rationals Q is a proper subfield of the field of real numbers R which, in turn, is ...

The Latin prefix quadri- is used to indicate the number 4, for example, quadrilateral, quadrant, etc. However, it also very commonly used to denote objects involving the ...

The quadratic class number constant is a constant related to the average behavior of class numbers of real quadratic fields. It is given by Q = product_(p)[1-1/(p^2(p+1))] ...

A real-valued function g defined on a convex subset C subset R^n is said to be quasi-convex if for all real alpha in R, the set {x in C:g(x)<alpha} is convex. This is ...

A groupoid S such that for all a,b in S, there exist unique x,y in S such that ax = b (1) ya = b. (2) No other restrictions are applied; thus a quasigroup need not have an ...

Following Ramanujan (1913-1914), write product_(k=1,3,5,...)^infty(1+e^(-kpisqrt(n)))=2^(1/4)e^(-pisqrt(n)/24)G_n (1) ...

A quotient of two polynomials P(z) and Q(z), R(z)=(P(z))/(Q(z)), is called a rational function, or sometimes a rational polynomial function. More generally, if P and Q are ...

The term "real line" has a number of different meanings in mathematics. Most commonly, "real line" is used to mean real axis, i.e., a line with a fixed scale so that every ...