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Let L=(L, ^ , v ) be a lattice, and let tau subset= L^2. Then tau is a tolerance if and only if it is a reflexive and symmetric sublattice of L^2. Tolerances of lattices, ...

A "law of large numbers" is one of several theorems expressing the idea that as the number of trials of a random process increases, the percentage difference between the ...

In practice, the vertical offsets from a line (polynomial, surface, hyperplane, etc.) are almost always minimized instead of the perpendicular offsets. This provides a ...

Given a map f:S->T between sets S and T, the map g:T->S is called a left inverse to f provided that g degreesf=id_S, that is, composing f with g from the left gives the ...

The (associated) Legendre function of the first kind P_n^m(z) is the solution to the Legendre differential equation which is regular at the origin. For m,n integers and z ...

A Lie group is a group with the structure of a manifold. Therefore, discrete groups do not count. However, the most useful Lie groups are defined as subgroups of some matrix ...

A quantity used to test nested hypotheses. Let H^' be a nested hypothesis with n^' degrees of freedom within H (which has n degrees of freedom), then calculate the maximum ...

If the random variates X_1, X_2, ... satisfy the Lindeberg condition, then for all a<b, lim_(n->infty)P(a<(S_n)/(s_n)<b)=Phi(b)-Phi(a), where Phi is the normal distribution ...

Pairs of points of a line, the product of whose distances from a fixed point is a given constant. This is more concisely defined as a projectivity of period two. If ...

Line segment picking is the process of picking line segments at random within a given shape in the plane, in space, or in a higher dimension. The most natural definition of a ...