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Given a sequence S_i as input to stage i, form sequence S_(i+1) as follows: 1. For k in [1,...,i], write term i+k and then term i-k. 2. Discard the ith term. 3. Write the ...

Let S be a nonempty set of real numbers that has an upper bound. Then a number c is called the least upper bound (or the supremum, denoted supS) for S iff it satisfies the ...

A linear extension of a partially ordered set P is a permutation of the elements p_1, p_2, ... of P such that p_i<p_j implies i<j. For example, the linear extensions of the ...

A metric space is a set S with a global distance function (the metric g) that, for every two points x,y in S, gives the distance between them as a nonnegative real number ...

A groupoid S such that for all a,b in S, there exist unique x,y in S such that ax = b (1) ya = b. (2) No other restrictions are applied; thus a quasigroup need not have an ...

The operator of fractional integration is defined as _aD_t^(-nu)f(t)=1/(Gamma(nu))int_a^tf(u)(t-u)^(nu-1)du for nu>0 with _aD_t^0f(t)=f(t) (Oldham and Spanier 1974, Miller ...

The tetranacci constant is ratio to which adjacent tetranacci numbers tend, and is given by T = (x^4-x^3-x^2-x-1)_2 (1) = 1.92756... (2) (OEIS A086088), where (P(x))_n ...

The Hermite polynomials H_n(x) are set of orthogonal polynomials over the domain (-infty,infty) with weighting function e^(-x^2), illustrated above for n=1, 2, 3, and 4. ...

A kayak paddle graph KP(k,m,l) is the graph obtained by joining cycle graphs C_k and C_m by a path of length l (Gallian 2018). KP(3,3,1) is isomorphic to the 3-barbell graph. ...

A magic hexagon of order n is an arrangement of close-packed hexagons containing the numbers 1, 2, ..., H_(n-1), where H_n is the nth hex number such that the numbers along ...