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A curve y(x) is osculating to f(x) at x_0 if it is tangent at x_0 and has the same curvature there. Osculating curves therefore satisfy y^((k))(x_0)=f^((k))(x_0) for k=0, 1, ...

A Redheffer matrix is a square (0,1)-matrix with elements a_(ij) equal to 1 if j=1 or i|j (i divides j), and 0 otherwise. For n=1, 2, ..., the first few Redheffer matrices ...

A continuous-time stochastic process W(t) for t>=0 with W(0)=0 and such that the increment W(t)-W(s) is Gaussian with mean 0 and variance t-s for any 0<=s<t, and increments ...

The Archimedean solids in general have many stellations. Examples of Archimedean solid stellations include the dodecadodecahedron and great icosidodecahedron. The following ...

The ordinary differential equation (x^py^')^'+/-x^sigmay^n=0.

A generalization to a quartic three-dimensional surface is the quartic surface of revolution (x^4-ax^3)+a^2(y^2+z^2)=0, (1) illustrated above. With a=1, this surface is ...

The arf invariant is a link invariant that always has the value 0 or 1. A knot has Arf invariant 0 if the knot is "pass equivalent" to the unknot and 1 if it is pass ...

For signed distances on a line segment, AB^_·CD^_+AC^_·DB^_+AD^_·BC^_=0, since (b-a)(d-c)+(c-a)(b-d)+(d-a)(c-b)=0.

Also known as Kolmogorov entropy, Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, or KS entropy. The metric entropy is 0 for nonchaotic motion and >0 for chaotic motion.

The plane curve given by the equation xy=x^3-a^3, illustrated above for values of a ranging from 0 to 3. For a=0, the trident degenerated to a parabola.