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An element a of a ring which is nonzero, not a unit, and whose only divisors are the trivial ones (i.e., the units and the products ua, where u is a unit). Equivalently, an ...

Given a general second tensor rank tensor A_(ij) and a metric g_(ij), define theta = A_(ij)g^(ij)=A_i^i (1) omega^i = epsilon^(ijk)A_(jk) (2) sigma_(ij) = ...

A transformation of an algebraic curve which is of the same type as its inverse. A Jonquière's transformation is always factorable.

An optical illusion, illustrated above, in which the eye perceives a white upright equilateral triangle where none is actually drawn.

In Kepler's 1619 book Harmonice Mundi on tilings, he discussed a tiling built with pentagons, pentagrams, decagons, and "fused decagon pairs." He also called them "monsters." ...

A polynomial factorization algorithm that proceeds by considering the vector of coefficients of a polynomial P, calculating b_i=P(i)/a_i, constructing the Lagrange ...

An identity which relates hypergeometric functions,

A method for constructing magic squares of singly even order n>=6.

A lattice which is built up of layers of n-dimensional lattices in (n+1)-dimensional space. The vectors specifying how layers are stacked are called glue vectors. The order ...

Laplace's integral is one of the following integral representations of the Legendre polynomial P_n(x), P_n(x) = 1/piint_0^pi(du)/((x+sqrt(x^2-1)cosu)^(n+1))du (1) = ...