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Let X be a set and S a collection of subsets of X. A set function mu:S->[0,infty] is said to possess finite monotonicity provided that, whenever a set E in S is covered by a ...

A continuous real function L(x,y) defined on the tangent bundle T(M) of an n-dimensional smooth manifold M is said to be a Finsler metric if 1. L(x,y) is differentiable at ...

The distance p (sometimes also denoted k) from the focus to the conic section directrix of a conic section. The following table gives the focal parameter for the different ...

A problem listed in a fall issue of Gazeta Matematică in the mid-1970s posed the question if x_1>0 and x_(n+1)=(1+1/(x_n))^n (1) for n=1, 2, ..., then are there any values ...

The forward difference is a finite difference defined by Deltaa_n=a_(n+1)-a_n. (1) Higher order differences are obtained by repeated operations of the forward difference ...

The squared norm of a four-vector a=(a_0,a_1,a_2,a_3)=a_0+a is given by the dot product a^2=a_mua^mu=(a^0)^2-a·a, (1) where a·a is the usual vector dot product in Euclidean ...

If f(x) is an even function, then b_n=0 and the Fourier series collapses to f(x)=1/2a_0+sum_(n=1)^inftya_ncos(nx), (1) where a_0 = 1/piint_(-pi)^pif(x)dx (2) = ...

For a power function f(x)=x^k with k>=0 on the interval [0,2L] and periodic with period 2L, the coefficients of the Fourier series are given by a_0 = (2^(k+1)L^k)/(k+1) (1) ...

If f(x) is an odd function, then a_n=0 and the Fourier series collapses to f(x)=sum_(n=1)^inftyb_nsin(nx), (1) where b_n = 1/piint_(-pi)^pif(x)sin(nx)dx (2) = ...

The function frac(x) giving the fractional (noninteger) part of a real number x. The symbol {x} is sometimes used instead of frac(x) (Graham et al. 1994, p. 70; Havil 2003, ...