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The power A^n of a matrix A for n a nonnegative integer is defined as the matrix product of n copies of A, A^n=A...A_()_(n). A matrix to the zeroth power is defined to be the ...

For x>0, J_0(x) = 2/piint_0^inftysin(xcosht)dt (1) Y_0(x) = -2/piint_0^inftycos(xcosht)dt, (2) where J_0(x) is a zeroth order Bessel function of the first kind and Y_0(x) is ...

A metric space is a set S with a global distance function (the metric g) that, for every two points x,y in S, gives the distance between them as a nonnegative real number ...

The mutual information between two discrete random variables X and Y is defined to be I(X;Y)=sum_(x in X)sum_(y in Y)P(x,y)log_2((P(x,y))/(P(x)P(y))) (1) bits. Additional ...

The star figure {9/3} composed of three equilateral triangles rotated at angles 0 degrees, 40 degrees, and 80 degrees. It has been called the star of Goliath by analogy with ...

Two functions f(x) and g(x) are orthogonal over the interval a<=x<=b with weighting function w(x) if <f(x)|g(x)>=int_a^bf(x)g(x)w(x)dx=0. (1) If, in addition, ...

Given a linear code C of length n and dimension k over the field F, a parity check matrix H of C is a n×(n-k) matrix whose rows generate the orthogonal complement of C, i.e., ...

Let f(z) be an analytic function in an angular domain W:|argz|<alphapi/2. Suppose there is a constant M such that for each epsilon>0, each finite boundary point has a ...

Any entire analytic function whose range omits two points must be a constant function. Of course, an entire function that omits a single point from its range need not be a ...

A positive matrix is a real or integer matrix (a)_(ij) for which each matrix element is a positive number, i.e., a_(ij)>0 for all i, j. Positive matrices are therefore a ...