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The Hopf invariant one theorem, sometimes also called Adams' theorem, is a deep theorem in homotopy theory which states that the only n-spheres which are H-spaces are S^0, ...

A generalization of the Fibonacci numbers defined by the four constants (p,q,r,s) and the definitions H_0=p and H_1=q together with the linear recurrence equation ...

Let X={x_1>=x_2>=...>=x_n|x_i in R} (1) and Y={y_1>=y_2>=...>=y_n|y_i in R}. (2) Then there exists an n×n Hermitian matrix with eigenvalues X and diagonal elements Y iff ...

A function f(x) increases on an interval I if f(b)>=f(a) for all b>a, where a,b in I. If f(b)>f(a) for all b>a, the function is said to be strictly increasing. Conversely, a ...

An n×n complex matrix A is called indefinite if nonzero vectors x and y exist such that x^*Ax>0>y^*Ay, where x^* denotes the conjugate transpose. A matrix m may be tested to ...

A particular solution to a differential equation corresponding to a specific value of the equation's free parameters. For example, the integral curves of the differential ...

If p divides the numerator of the Bernoulli number B_(2k) for 0<2k<p-1, then (p,2k) is called an irregular pair. For p<30000, the irregular pairs of various forms are p=16843 ...

A parameterization is isothermal if, for zeta=u+iv and phi_k(zeta)=(partialx_k)/(partialu)-i(partialx_k)/(partialv), the identity phi_1^2(zeta)+phi_2^2(zeta)+phi_3^2(zeta)=0 ...

Let W(u) be a Wiener process. Then where V_t=f(W(t),tau) for 0<=tau=T-t<=T, and f in C^(2,1)((0,infty)×[0,T]). Note that while Ito's lemma was proved by Kiyoshi Ito (also ...

Using Clebsch-Aronhold notation, an algebraic curve satisfies xi_1^na_y^n+xi_1^(n-1)xi_2a_y^(n-1)a_x+1/2n(n-1)xi_1^(n-2)xi_2^2a_y^(n-2)a_x^2+... ...